Low back pain is one of the most common injuries seen in rowers. Within the rowing stroke, although the legs are the main component of power, the back extensor muscles are pivotal in the regulation of flexion and extension of the lumbar spine. It has been suggested that the range of lumbar flexion over the course of the stroke may contribute to injury. In accordance with this, prior studies have shown that bending increases as people come near the top of their range in lumbar flexion, this consequently increases stress on spinal structures.
The study, “The Effects of Repetitive Motion on Lumbar Flexion and Erector Spinae Muscle Activity in Rowers” investigated the changes in lumbar flexion and back muscle activity throughout the course of a rowing trial on an ergometer. It was published in Clinical Biomechanics in May of 2003 and is available online. The study involved 16 young adult rowers with an equal sex ratio, of whom none had any medical history of lower back pain.
The study measured lumbar flexion and muscle activity at two parts in the rowing stroke and at three separate times during the trial (at 20%, 60%, and 95%). Motion analysis was used to record lumbar flexion and was then compared to each individual’s initial total range of lumbar motion. EMG recordings were used to record muscle activity in the multifidus, ilicostalis lumborum, and longissimus thoracis; they were then compared to each individual’s initial maximum voluntary isometric contraction readings.
The study concluded that rowers have an initial high level of lumbar flexion that continues to increase over the duration of a rowing trial. The changes in EMG recordings provided indirect evidence of fatigue in the back extensor muscles, which may also contribute to the increase in lumbar flexion. They found no significant difference between genders.
Although the study has flaws in it’s design, the article was very effective in showing the importance of conducting further research in the area and how beneficial it could be to injury prevention in rowing. Study weaknesses included the small sample size as well as the possibility of crosstalk in EMG recordings. As a rower, I found this article to be very interesting. A few things I thought worth noting, which the article failed to discuss when it compared the ergometer to actual rowing, were the possible difference in the fluidity of the stroke when moving on water and the perceived weight of the handle during the drive.
OMG, I'm a rower & yesterday I had back pain, this could be what this article is about!! dun Dun DUN!!!!!!!!!
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